Assessing the potential for reopening a building stone quarry : Newbigging Sandstone Quarry, Fife

Newbigging Sandstone Quarry in Fife is one of a number of former quarries in the Burntisland- Aberdour district which exploited the pale-coloured Grange Sandstone from Lower Carboniferous rocks. The quarry supplied building stone from the late 19th century, working intermittently from 1914 until closure in 1937, and again when reopened in the 1970s to the 1990s. The stone was primarily used locally and to supply the nearby markets in the Scottish Central Belt. Historical evidence indicates that prior to sandstone extraction, the area was dominated by largescale quarrying and mining of limestone, and substantial sandstone quarrying is likely to have begun after the arrival of the main railway line in 1890. It is probable that removal of the sandstone was directly associated with limestone exploitation, and that the quarried sandstone was effectively a by-product of limestone production. Sandstone extraction was probably viable due to the existing limestone quarry infrastructure (workforce, equipment, transportation) and the high demand for building stone in Central Scotland in the late 19th century. The geology within Newbigging Sandstone Quarry is dominated by thick-bedded uniform sandstone with a wide joint spacing, well-suited for obtaining large blocks. However, a mudstone (shale) band is likely to be present within a few metres of the principal (north) face of the quarry, around which the sandstone bed thickness and quality is likely to decrease. The mudstone bed forms a plane sloping at a shallow angle to the north, so that expansion of the quarry in this direction is likely to encounter a considerable volume of poor quality stone. Additionally, an east-west trending fault is present approximately 100 metres north of the quarry face, which is also likely to be associated with poor quality (fractured) stone

Development of sustainable georesources for the built environment in the United Kingdom

The character of the UK’s built heritage has been largely determined by the country’s diverse geology. Indigenous natural stone forms a major component of the nation’s pre-1919 building stock. Stone has been used traditionally for roofing, roads, pavements, bridges, engineering works, and all forms of walling. Today it is mostly employed as thin panel cladding to concrete frameworks in modern construction and is now increasingly being used in large volumes for new city streetscapes.This paper outlines the material requirements for the repair and maintenance of the stone-built heritage and illustrates a range of initiatives across the UK aimed at safeguarding and redeveloping indigenous resources. The importance, particularly for the repair and conservation sector, of selecting appropriate replacement stone is being recognized by architectural and conservation professionals and by local authority officials. There is also increasing recognition of the importance to the economy of the local character of the built environment in terms of its value to tourism and to architectural, historical, and cultural identity. The paper also examines the historical sources of information on stone in the UK and offers recommendations for databasing and disseminating stone resource information. This may assist the redevelopment of a healthy indigenous stone industry and ensure that the unique built heritage character of the UK is maintained and enhanced

Geração de modelo digital de terreno hidrologicamente consistente para delimitação de bacia hidrográfica na Amazônia.

O objetivo deste trabalho foi gerar um modelo digital de terreno hidrologicamente consistente (MDTHC) para a delimitação da bacia hidrográfica do rio Taxidermista no município de Alta Floresta, localizado no norte do estado de Mato Grosso, no bioma Amazônia. Essa região é uma das áreas de estudo definidas no projeto ?Construção do conhecimento e sistematização de experiências sobre valoração e pagamento por serviços ecossistêmicos e ambientais no contexto da agricultura familiar amazônica (ASEAM)?. Para a geração do MDTHC, inicialmente foram utilizados dados referentes a pontos cotados, curvas de nível e hidrografia, provenientes de cartas topográficas, utilizando o interpolador Topo to Raster, do software SIG ArcMap (versão 10.8). Em seguida, o MDTHC foi gerado por meio do aprofundamento da drenagem, utilizando a ferramenta Arc Hydro Tools do ArcMap. O MDTHC foi utilizado na delimitação da bacia hidrográfica do rio Taxidermista, na região de Alta Floresta. O modelo digital de terreno (MDT) gerado pelo interpolador Topo to Raster mostrou-se preciso quando comparado à delimitação feita com base em um modelo digita de elevação (MDE) derivado do Shuttle Radar Topography Mission (SRTM). Igualmente, o MDTHC gerado mostrou-se eficaz na delimitação da bacia hidrográfica do rio Taxidermista, no bioma AmazôniaEvento online. CIIC 2021

Split tolerance permits safe Ad5-GUCY2C-PADRE vaccine-induced T-cell responses in colon cancer patients.

Background: The colorectal cancer antigen GUCY2C exhibits unique split tolerance, evoking antigen-specific CD8+, but not CD4+, T-cell responses that deliver anti-tumor immunity without autoimmunity in mice. Here, the cancer vaccine Ad5-GUCY2C-PADRE was evaluated in a first-in-man phase I clinical study of patients with early-stage colorectal cancer to assess its safety and immunological efficacy. Methods: Ten patients with surgically-resected stage I or stage II (pN0) colon cancer received a single intramuscular injection of 1011 viral particles (vp) of Ad5-GUCY2C-PADRE. Safety assessment and immunomonitoring were carried out for 6 months following immunization. This trial employed continual monitoring of both efficacy and toxicity of subjects as joint primary outcomes. Results: All patients receiving Ad5-GUCY2C-PADRE completed the study and none developed adverse events greater than grade 1. Antibody responses to GUCY2C were detected in 10% of patients, while 40% exhibited GUCY2C-specific T-cell responses. GUCY2C-specific responses were exclusively CD8+ cytotoxic T cells, mimicking pre-clinical studies in mice in which GUCY2C-specific CD4+ T cells are eliminated by self-tolerance, while CD8+ T cells escape tolerance and mediate antitumor immunity. Moreover, pre-existing neutralizing antibodies (NAbs) to the Ad5 vector were associated with poor vaccine-induced responses, suggesting that Ad5 NAbs oppose GUCY2C immune responses to the vaccine in patients and supported by mouse studies. Conclusions: Split tolerance to GUCY2C in cancer patients can be exploited to safely generate antigen-specific cytotoxic CD8+, but not autoimmune CD4+, T cells by Ad5-GUCY2C-PADRE in the absence of pre-existing NAbs to the viral vector. TRIAL REGISTRATION: This trial (NCT01972737) was registered at ClinicalTrials.gov on October 30th, 2013. https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT01972737

Role of correlated two-pion exchange in K+NK^+ N scattering

A dynamical model for S-- and P--wave correlated $2 \pi$ (and $K \bar K$) exchange between a kaon and a nucleon is presented, starting from corresponding $N \bar N \rightarrow K \bar K$ amplitudes in the pseudophysical region, which have been constructed from nucleon, $\Delta$--isobar and hyperon ($\Lambda$, $\Sigma$) exchange Born terms and a realistic meson exchange model of the $\pi \pi \rightarrow K \bar K$ and $K \bar K \rightarrow K \bar K$ amplitude. The contribution in the s--channel is then obtained by performing a dispersion relation over the unitarity cut. In the $\rho$--channel, considerable ambiguities exist, depending on how the dispersion integral is performed. Our model, supplemented by short range interaction terms, is able to describe empirical $K^+ N$ data below pion production threshold in a satisfactory way.Comment: 24 pages, REVTEX, figures available from the author

Die Netzwerkebenen von Genossenschaften als Innovationsraum – am Beispiel der BÄKO Österreich

Die Diskussion rund um open innovation versus closed innovation legt nahe, das Innovationsphänomen in Genossenschaften zu untersuchen, da in ihnen auf verschiedenen Netzwerkebenen interagiert wird und man so zu einer differenzierteren Betrachtung kommen kann. Als Untersuchungsobjekt wurde die BÄKO Österreich – die Einkaufsgenossenschaft der Bäcker und Konditoren – als seit Langem bestehende und daher offensichtlich anpassungsfähige Genossenschaft gewählt. Die fünf qualitativen Interviews werden mittels der Gioia-Methode analysiert, um zur Weiterentwicklung der theoretischen Überlegungen zum Innovationsprozess beizutragen. Unsere Untersuchung zeigt, dass die BÄKO Informationen von allen Akteuren aufnimmt und nach ihrer Innovationsrelevanz prüft, sodass Innovationsimpulse von außen und/oder von innen kommen können und so unterschiedlichste Akteursebenen einbezogen werden. Verallgemeinernd zeigen die Ergebnisse, dass in jedem Akteur eine mögliche Quelle für Innovationsimpulse gesehen werden sollte und Genossenschaften an Markterfolg und Legitimation gegenüber ihren Mitgliedern verlieren, wenn sie ihre grundsätzlich vorhandene Innovativität im Interesse der Mitglieder nicht einzusetzen wissen. The discussion about open innovation versus closed innovation suggests examining the innovation phenomenon in cooperatives, since they interact on different network levels and so one can come to a more differentiated view. BÄKO Austria - the purchasing cooperative of bakers and confectioners - as a long-standing and therefore obviously adaptable cooperative was chosen as the object of investigation. The five qualitative interviews are analyzed using the Gioia method in order to contribute to the further development of the theoretical considerations for the innovation process. Our investigation shows that the BÄKO takes in information from all actors and checks it for its innovation relevance, so that innovation impulses can come from outside and / or from inside and so different levels of actors are involved. In general, the results show that every actor should be seen as a possible source of innovation impulses and that cooperatives lose their market success and legitimacy vis-à-vis their members if they do not know how to use their fundamentally existing innovation in the interests of the members

Surface-reconstructed Icosahedral Structures for Lead Clusters

We describe a new family of icosahedral structures for lead clusters. In general, structures in this family contain a Mackay icosahedral core with a reconstructed two-shell outer-layer. This family includes the anti-Mackay icosahedra, which have have a Mackay icosahedral core but with most of the surface atoms in hexagonal close-packed positions. Using a many-body glue potential for lead, we identify two icosahedral structures in this family which have the lowest energies of any known structure in the size range from 900 to 15000 lead atoms. We show that these structures are stabilized by a feature of the many-body glue part of the interatomic potential.Comment: 9 pages, 8 figure

An evaluation of seasonal variations in footwear worn by adults with inflammatory arthritis: a cross-sectional observational study using a web-based survey

Background: Foot problems are common in adults with inflammatory arthritis and therapeutic footwear can be effective in managing arthritic foot problems. Accessing appropriate footwear has been identified as a major barrier, resulting in poor adherence to treatment plans involving footwear. Indeed, previous New Zealand based studies found that many people with rheumatoid arthritis and gout wore inappropriate footwear. However, these studies were conducted in a single teaching hospital during the New Zealand summer therefore the findings may not be representative of footwear styles worn elsewhere in New Zealand, or reflect the potential influence of seasonal climate changes. The aim of the study was to evaluate seasonal variations in footwear habits of people with inflammatory arthritic conditions in New Zealand. Methods: A cross-sectional study design using a web-based survey. The survey questions were designed to elicit demographic and clinical information, features of importance when choosing footwear and seasonal footwear habits, including questions related to the provision of therapeutic footwear/orthoses and footwear experiences. Results: One-hundred and ninety-seven participants responded who were predominantly women of European descent, aged between 46–65 years old, from the North Island of New Zealand. The majority of participants identified with having either rheumatoid arthritis (35%) and/or osteoarthritis (57%) and 68% reported established disease (>5 years duration). 18% of participants had been issued with therapeutic footwear. Walking and athletic shoes were the most frequently reported footwear type worn regardless of the time of year. In the summer, 42% reported wearing sandals most often. Comfort, fit and support were reported most frequently as the footwear features of greatest importance. Many participants reported difficulties with footwear (63%), getting hot feet in the summer (63%) and the need for a sandal which could accommodate a supportive insole (73%). Conclusions: Athletic and walking shoes were the most popular style of footwear reported regardless of seasonal variation. During the summer season people with inflammatory arthritis may wear sandals more frequently in order to accommodate disease-related foot deformity. Healthcare professionals and researchers should consider seasonal variation when recommending appropriate footwear, or conducting footwear studies in people with inflammatory arthritis, to reduce non-adherence to prescribed footwear

Estimativa do fator topográfico da Equação Universal de Perda de Solo (usle) utilizando o InVest, na bacia Piririm, Amapá.

O objetivo deste trabalho foi delimitar a bacia hidrográfica do rio Piririm, no estado do Amapá, bem como calcular o fator topográfico (LS) da Universal Soil Loss Equation (USLE), utilizando o software InVEST (Integrated Valuation of Ecossystem Services and Tradeoffs). Essa bacia é uma das áreas de estudo do projeto ?Construção do conhecimento e sistematização de experiências sobre valoração e pagamento por serviços ecossistêmicos e ambientais no contexto agricultura familiar amazônica (Aseam)?. A bacia foi delimitada utilizando sistema de informações geográficas (SIG) com base em modelo digital de terreno (MDT) de resolução espacial de 2,5 m. Os arquivos foram trabalhados no SIG ArcGIS 10.6.1 e no software InVEST 3.6.0, utilizando a extensão ArcHydro Tools e a ferramenta DelineateIT, respectivamente. O fator topográfico da USLE foi mapeado utilizando o módulo SDR (Sediment Delivery Ratio) do InVEST. O InVEST possibilitou a delimitação da bacia do Rio Piririm de forma simples e com alta precisão. O módulo SDR estimou o fator topográfico (LS) da USLE com a vantagem de ser um software livre e com grande potencial de valoração para serviços ambientais e ecossistêmicos. A média do fator LS na bacia foi de 0,787, enquanto o maior valor computado foi de 97,494. As áreas com maiores valores de LS apresentam maior risco de erosão hídrica e, portanto, seu manejo deve ser mais criterioso. O software InVEST atendeu as demandas propostas neste trabalho e apresenta grande potencial para alcançar os objetivos previstos no projeto Aseam, financiado pelo Fundo Amazôni